Ape Curtis Testnet

Address

0xD91eC518B9f264d15b35A55dbEB768a236aC5D1A

Overview

APE Balance

Ape Curtis LogoApe Curtis LogoApe Curtis Logo8.701897050869315764 APE

Token Holdings

More Info

Transactions Sent

Latest: 8 days ago First: 202 days ago

Multichain Info

No addresses found

 Latest 25 from a total of 302 transactions

Transaction Hash
Method
Block
From
To
0xb3002a5cf8affbef5c263d005e791856cda9a60d75da5cd1d47ae56b77793bdf
0x60806040155523202025-02-09 13:02:498 days ago1739106169
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xe73dc6919c3f88d99411ebb9cbea61336eb0433b4a0f65613d5af3610c297378
0x60806040154991752025-02-08 2:16:119 days ago1738980971
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x8cf6fcc1ba77ec5bfefdcd63a0379c0b11aa354fb272b8023a5aff9f811fee1a
0x60806040153016952025-02-02 5:04:2115 days ago1738472661
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x1171dcc588cb5dfb61bea99e44904d367171ad71092e7b39e180c665dc6e2685
0x60806040152941572025-02-01 22:43:4816 days ago1738449828
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xf0577a8efec4e61e9bcd07fa1cb100b9dd94680424363651d279c702ec766b13
0x60806040151208382025-01-27 11:56:2021 days ago1737978980
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x2639875ba466e7409c07b3dfeddaf2e828a833e394771fc4027ba9bb224f0ed7
0x60806040151087202025-01-27 6:22:3421 days ago1737958954
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x233fc07b77186adfabc0ac1b1725874fefca8066269aab16a575f763dc100736
0x60806040150784562025-01-26 7:53:2522 days ago1737878005
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x45bc8f94c969c625cbd1c8262254270f499488b9e2b9fa6273bb16c685695d10
0x60806040150171072025-01-24 23:19:2524 days ago1737760765
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xef5749804b02a469d8348d1c19daa8c7f4118860bad4c32953c4846e80d3175c
0x60806040148279502025-01-21 3:28:5127 days ago1737430131
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x5b37faf865a11cf7199a27ac2eb64e3c33caa58b4a684f69be1c11af099ac17f
0x60806040147087602025-01-17 20:12:1631 days ago1737144736
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x8a3c31ce3f06edfb44685da4a381059e20537b4762c055d8fee97d6762e0c9ad
0x60806040146992702025-01-17 11:34:0931 days ago1737113649
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x4eb947a5db69df76f918f440dd100d12f829d3aeee96d89df1170ac5395c7ea5
0x60806040145930632025-01-15 2:59:0533 days ago1736909945
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x3d3cc5bc32d723c443890d4c21b8f38adb7665c0917ce811e5b8c2387270462f
0x60806040145806342025-01-14 15:54:0534 days ago1736870045
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x0197e9eef1ad39f6ba66e7baebc161a3b08f8128fe490c64871138af0e45e037
0x60806040145550622025-01-13 4:32:3935 days ago1736742759
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x56a466b8e4ebfc99a36bf3e8b8a7efe99ae60b517e21ce09945848e82a40bd34
0x60806040145368742025-01-12 0:31:3036 days ago1736641890
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xf11e60247a77332b313c81f7c07db50cd8e27058b72bd027248c0642c5077a2e
0x60806040145068752025-01-10 11:20:5938 days ago1736508059
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x530d6e07fb1ff7a0d1f074437820f52b260b6ebdd46d6cb4f6604d2096cf9674
0x60806040143132742025-01-03 18:43:1945 days ago1735929799
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xfcbf03500a45f046f861431e7c17aca30d2da52f4541566f4dd75369e3955b9d
0x60806040142843682025-01-01 16:04:1947 days ago1735747459
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x6b042ff60c3ebbd661627bb02c0044f068dc82d99db619e0bb11d399e6ee324f
0x60806040142703532024-12-31 11:37:3448 days ago1735645054
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xfb40772aa8f963a8605ff539688c788a3ba4a197d8caeab883d1d65d5d11bfcb
0x60806040141302002024-12-23 5:57:1256 days ago1734933432
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xae44ee79f731a328c8da2b00d1165fc6deebcc2e411645be87616fe73a6affd1
0x60806040138527322024-12-12 22:35:0067 days ago1734042900
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x56b4d160f5fce8310185e166471f869d094a20f6dada0a9be17fcf0403d62741
0x60806040136703732024-12-09 6:34:1470 days ago1733726054
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xbae1e2fc797e72133da97fe6e236ce2b8b1d221812561981f40aca3100ffcbb8
0x60806040135734202024-12-06 6:19:4273 days ago1733465982
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xe788fbe5ad0403503c78b49fb032e6af5b802fd6946e977a3b6da5717271fe56
0x60806040135177512024-12-04 11:05:2275 days ago1733310322
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xd4e80427cfb907ccdc02c5dc22fce7314f2306147c8be7d04d7e1a073a9a0720
0x60806040130652632024-11-25 19:18:2684 days ago1732562306
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000001230.01
View all transactions

Latest 25 internal transactions (View All)

Parent Transaction Hash Block From To
0xe40d47e18396c0c087e758af7458808ae260650629be25110117ab4511c46c93
121664932024-11-15 22:17:4994 days ago1731709069
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0161 APE
0xcc11a3c4f0f0a0bda1c8f6560803093bb4df17536075f4772d448207f7ef8267
121664222024-11-15 22:17:1394 days ago1731709033
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0128 APE
0x6ef6c703fb90f02f9f93f913421b14d0da081c2fddc28dcbe17d057d80429c16
121663532024-11-15 22:16:3694 days ago1731708996
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0175 APE
0x72d1678feead5f42d90869a456cc1cb0b0a794a134af50cfd1f764dd9b56c779
121662932024-11-15 22:16:0194 days ago1731708961
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.01 APE
0x4b9f71b89f1c77f1c76c8bac72a1f2249fd7696756e199242e7062d3814f41ac
121662222024-11-15 22:15:2594 days ago1731708925
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0182 APE
0x156419b2b8535564eff6e489a7bc4134005c8fa33415438135c7f3be931f0d0f
121661402024-11-15 22:14:4994 days ago1731708889
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0112 APE
0x913a45e2542d6f8d654eaba60463d0a53cb6ac7781a597b29af037de7bef5b6e
121660632024-11-15 22:14:1494 days ago1731708854
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.019 APE
0xaf9b3d09b7e42b384bfcc2f5c0c514fd0c3e7f94f95e99e7f8acf78e880d76c2
121659882024-11-15 22:13:3894 days ago1731708818
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0133 APE
0xc490b8ed1b8f65499b46301bc8f28cbff4f3261dc28fbdf1749d32af9504336c
121659162024-11-15 22:13:0294 days ago1731708782
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.013 APE
0x6134550bc8a21a8231a1276eb4cf69f82e5d26d63346145ba838845431219928
121658442024-11-15 22:12:2794 days ago1731708747
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0118 APE
0xc9874ddcd10052a3f0fcf4fde12f0c7e1bcce72722414ed8ddebc418fe3eb3f4
99665812024-10-13 13:29:24127 days ago1728826164
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0126 APE
0x155d5fc47c16c558ad256b3efa5bc646c76985532b17454a0069747700f2619e
96331352024-10-08 9:30:33132 days ago1728379833
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0112 APE
0x91e14e33ca371f3bf4473f3e120f85cd17a7e9cb50b38d2b3fdd89358c8eb968
96331102024-10-08 9:29:57132 days ago1728379797
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0101 APE
0x91367e64082c83ddde28094b6a4001b9a1349f35ce70fb2bbf9f33beddacd030
96330792024-10-08 9:29:21132 days ago1728379761
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0166 APE
0xce6ca8cba59bf25d0ec1dd3db59423d285057096046b5ebdff012b989536c896
96330512024-10-08 9:28:45132 days ago1728379725
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.019 APE
0xae2947067426f760fdad7ec731b1544f90fb4bd9ddedb2d9d03a244a1457a51d
96330282024-10-08 9:28:09132 days ago1728379689
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0124 APE
0xe4403f63874cc4e9f4ccd4c89f24f0aef98ac595e55fa42226cb947e9adce973
96330062024-10-08 9:27:34132 days ago1728379654
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0137 APE
0x951eb3e56b5f70096d1ecb246eaeda6c150b24be02f0003c383d1ed2704b36c1
96329822024-10-08 9:26:58132 days ago1728379618
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0111 APE
0x9f56fb9313c21d90d498322be6dfb50ee1efc16be65ea06835bddfd786d47425
96329512024-10-08 9:26:22132 days ago1728379582
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0156 APE
0x00e31700a1c6fdfae9f3c06d7251f58f46ff46664f26ed6db82c082af7d273fe
89208082024-09-28 2:24:34142 days ago1727490274
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0162 APE
0x76b4fc85ee99ff8668b0977d542db20a81b816a4545c07a9ef557e63f331d5d6
89207832024-09-28 2:23:57142 days ago1727490237
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0151 APE
0x10d39fe5873304b5f349b2025efe18e2ae1c85d85c711517ff94dc54db262144
89207522024-09-28 2:23:22142 days ago1727490202
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0159 APE
0x69b2b0f9243b77d29e5d308e4216ccb275063de12352d9ef952c5bc1d346f69e
89207222024-09-28 2:22:46142 days ago1727490166
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0128 APE
0x043eaf2d8b476358e4ae72b7151b24caa890bd8eb57db911759e3a36b02983a7
89206892024-09-28 2:22:10142 days ago1727490130
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0147 APE
0x5bc1a73408565534faeb0d34cd03b6f43e5ff1740a808e873e031a1b783e855d
89206572024-09-28 2:21:35142 days ago1727490095
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xD91eC518...236aC5D1A
0.0132 APE
View All Internal Transactions

Latest 14 Deposits

L2 Txn Hash L1 Deposit Txn Value Token
0x17d0fdb4a1e1cfb6b5678d083e7b52e104f360d4b1aa16cc3a8eb56486d555ff2024-10-07 4:11:59133 days ago1728274319
0x55840fcf22340675d0d03d7e4aba581af4a9b4e005abde0d06059b854750faaf
0.0185 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x7673edf83e42037b09ed5e483d5a83703eda2d784bba79a09157cf781465f1522024-10-07 4:10:42133 days ago1728274242
0x2f275db216129bed7a10e91f4dba8d46e154a7a00e5e28460c2e5ffe5777ad3c
0.0189 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x4bcfb4f869f051d43db4f79282d07e518160438e0d4bc576c4bf70f0f97bcefb2024-10-07 4:09:26133 days ago1728274166
0xc3a8e83874ed73ce25644842d8b115f75ab51db50b81fc71eafab8b0453d1d7f
0.0157 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x71208050f4189720cbf2041af038a5b0ed929ed65437eeba6ed9f3aac251e9642024-10-07 4:08:09133 days ago1728274089
0x754f73268852295f9ebb1e624b288dee67b56e20ec122b9ea9d9a21fa1077ddd
0.0105 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xc0de380df678e77b2d343a0533be5b8544da84d04216b5aec55d1e9ecc7ec2622024-10-04 2:32:00136 days ago1728009120
0xa723b7f5f9146fb92964655b7ec72ee62fa23179ebd4e33b58e62304784460cc
0.0127 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xf145951237e17afa36ff5d99cd4c6664f6c21e08332dca7f349bff39693f01582024-10-04 2:30:42136 days ago1728009042
0xbaec2891d58c491e1827d8d43612b4cd89d183072882f320815cc0523b52b5fd
0.0104 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x81ce771decebd2a1d0753c263e5e565573a0f8be16c8c6a193bdc8a06820c7752024-10-04 2:29:25136 days ago1728008965
0x859a41ae2c09174d9de2ccdf68277b9b32c01945ca5a1a16d7bf3cbd8ffbff79
0.0115 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x401647275debf6a04aed1197544130011b2a2c4db62f31605db3b8e9a27277642024-10-04 2:28:07136 days ago1728008887
0xe9b8cc964238f20c411a0e9a98e5098c53c632044863291d040fa70e702cd070
0.0198 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xb013a58507ecda81c5fa625124c6875ab282bec6a4f62fc08ed9d118ff4d05b52024-09-22 10:44:13148 days ago1727001853
0xe0f3be647238ea8c6ff029574c23754a91b01b8a69bc32a66ec7e7e9e5cb37c0
0.0194 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x83f953bbff059350d330a6dcbe33d0e7331dd06c7bcd25bf47e343dcf5f8c2442024-09-22 10:42:57148 days ago1727001777
0x87a02576589353a42dc4dc0ccee88474415a42cec1cf8478b4c8665e8791f667
0.0138 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x043b1d0f57f19a27c5cf29a6e77727e0f922259b93f71c82ead357c24e01312d2024-09-22 10:41:39148 days ago1727001699
0x010667b86951b430f00b4570502f4138ede35d437558b91040a65251d22ccd85
0.0136 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x2895aa06ddebae79d961f73d3ed3b0e73de682e2318d9f02ac2eeee194f0d2d02024-09-22 10:40:22148 days ago1727001622
0x20d69c5504038508433bc8587b0d7071575de99fc1e10864eec954d57e548b32
0.0156 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xfaa8f8523c80aeb1c112c60fe685cdd287dbdb3c8f3da3e9213e16ca091911312024-09-06 11:35:58164 days ago1725622558
0xbf5e20958ced1fcca65b0f0a2e219e9f6a6b976f3500574631375051ac7cb0a9
0.0188 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x5f0407bc9e57c3f4f91b93f9b0c7191ad9f2ffa3cfae1a138b48c6f74f37d61b2024-09-06 11:34:42164 days ago1725622482
0x571fc25b9bb77bad63c10f0b2db1f9f33ab72c7348d70a77f7924bc499ad97bd
0.0133 Sepolia APE (sAPE)

Latest 25 Withdrawals

L2 Txn Hash Value Token Status L1 Withdrawal Txn
0xc39e5708174aa3c1b61c3be05c984d5d5db142e665ce58c063ac16314949145e2024-08-15 21:55:51186 days ago17237589510.0136 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x95fcebbfc9bc2abc73e507435dc6ed1294bcab682270315bd400b472b81c52462024-08-15 21:55:13186 days ago17237589130.0165 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xeff844584199415fe27423b9c5ce006f702c64ab2b1330a24bed8ed6636f8f8e2024-08-15 21:54:35186 days ago17237588750.0198 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xeba9ae9b7f0688e9b5516b694cb857d62feb4062022e74ee05358d649be93eda2024-08-15 21:53:51186 days ago17237588310.0164 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x77748f3a781326d288cfa85bbae8a8f5083d33829fc2dea4696f632b689344602024-08-15 21:53:12186 days ago17237587920.0148 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x9ceb675e74bb4b3aa2ffeca366d8f2462de1082c4584190b877f00d39ca1ba982024-08-15 21:52:28186 days ago17237587480.0178 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xa3553646949094c018e5c3e072466227b38f9bc5d6b2c1edf399122a3e7845b22024-08-12 13:50:16189 days ago17234706160.0151 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x4f9cadd2b5aaeb33695499781fd05306ba11b62cac80316968fafc8f536947e62024-08-12 13:49:42189 days ago17234705820.0189 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x1f0e2e0a6eab676ec2840e73605db722a35dea09d70e3c6d227def82a2473a262024-08-12 13:49:07189 days ago17234705470.0133 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x306d00c5292728349cd4a88de4cfeca329b9db47ff31afa39dae0f033898a4072024-08-12 13:48:33189 days ago17234705130.0143 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xa2ec7a92328b30fe8b118f5dd7f150f0149f8299ac23dd6199624cb43816dd752024-08-12 13:47:59189 days ago17234704790.0136 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xf7f33e31757279f69f91982aeac3c3c23bc2e1a896c2e89935ddfd25027e7ffd2024-08-11 4:10:57190 days ago17233494570.0122 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x33bbe7a19f0027a6856335f7fc8d7b0746f8f4b3d91895be00f933f57e93c69a2024-08-11 4:10:23190 days ago17233494230.0103 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xec916809883600faf00486d2f9ef26ec383de8bcc56cf784ff9644b6d3790f732024-08-11 4:09:49190 days ago17233493890.0103 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x45948b4af6e3724af8d8a0b168dfdc55ba1b47bc175adb490055dc484364f2aa2024-08-11 4:09:15190 days ago17233493550.0121 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xd391d3d53530bfd73249201a7923b758a50a4a9d4afd6473530ef241b314da7e2024-08-11 4:08:42190 days ago17233493220.0123 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xa2143045ba1b3935bb3a7ef1ac61c50f62533f1e995f14606c4de5deeb874e462024-08-11 4:08:08190 days ago17233492880.0151 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x6d510c7ba73b379a24e22415ad5e93e231f9a9f4ce91360c17b39709f64a12f32024-08-09 18:24:08192 days ago17232278480.0199 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xc170507b25cbc66a98c0df4633e0b27e5d0f7f08276362a2255f587577e169362024-08-09 18:23:34192 days ago17232278140.0168 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x785b75c8b8f883ac82a9aac6642e6f26d861d6448c32f06b5568131c33b219592024-08-09 18:23:00192 days ago17232277800.0144 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x621ae3fdd2287da1709ad972648bcdb0dfc80f2f0327708d9f922c23d0ec76ae2024-08-09 18:22:25192 days ago17232277450.0175 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x914f748703ee62e47598596ef7e0bcbe95f9daf86ed7c4dde468baa6900f034b2024-08-09 18:21:51192 days ago17232277110.0179 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xab9aa4af85637566d462616a8fce2bf65273f32a4aac4427c51af28ddc7433a32024-08-09 18:21:17192 days ago17232276770.0141 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x4340fb4db19545c27f651ff413d4648dd6d8e7e3bc242a85dddc8b3773a48c692024-08-09 18:20:42192 days ago17232276420.0141 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x06ac44f62c26fdafdeb050fe21c77b45257b3cba95f976e01d9241ac905ddad02024-08-07 1:42:13194 days ago17229949330.0156 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
View All Withdrawals
Loading

Contract Name:
0 APE
Compiler Version
0
Optimization Enabled:
0 APE
Other Settings:
-NA-

Block Transaction Difficulty Gas Used Reward
View All Blocks Produced

Block Uncle Number Difficulty Gas Used Reward
View All Uncles
Loading
Loading

Validator Index Block Amount
View All Withdrawals

Transaction Hash Block Value Eth2 PubKey Valid
View All Deposits
[ Download: CSV Export  ]
[ Download: CSV Export  ]
[ Download: CSV Export  ]
[ Download: CSV Export  ]

A wallet address is a publicly available address that allows its owner to receive funds from another party. To access the funds in an address, you must have its private key. Learn more about addresses in our Knowledge Base.