Ape Curtis Testnet

Address

0xA59a1897EC0b06FfF4763520eFCf05C448F67433

Overview

APE Balance

Ape Curtis LogoApe Curtis LogoApe Curtis Logo2.006351495150536454 APE

More Info

Transactions Sent

Latest: 24 hrs ago First: 166 days ago

Multichain Info

No addresses found

 Latest 25 from a total of 374 transactions

Transaction Hash
Method
Block
From
To
0x0a3f885d618ffcf3e0b4d09dcd1c634630ed1529422028180d145d020d70c383
0x60806040147365632025-01-18 11:08:3924 hrs ago1737198519
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x6220abe1c14a38f26dd0540ab4062b076290e0886c2d46f0073c6aefcbc76db5
0x60806040147307182025-01-18 7:50:4727 hrs ago1737186647
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x6a382e12bf7bf1436f03ea794728e52e58a53ac9736f948b0f82960e1e1164f6
0x60806040147075482025-01-17 18:22:2140 hrs ago1737138141
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x839b439435066b61b937cf1f119b06a579d7589ea05e7a2c118656a1fb760415
0x60806040146975082025-01-17 9:52:092 days ago1737107529
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x93b7c77e9177f61bb4ec2b80603af7299583ec36325e3422d1447ba3dc905d4e
0x60806040146737802025-01-16 21:16:452 days ago1737062205
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x0526a6a8d8e458d405adbcbb676040db09f071e049ba367120d65c7668bcdd65
0x60806040145808162025-01-14 16:10:194 days ago1736871019
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x142340443c0ee95dea84b514cc0981ca05696a83033c14abf62988687be82216
0x60806040145384252025-01-12 3:47:197 days ago1736653639
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x90cd7c90b98303be187ea846f84c53fcb54bf25eefab808fa812cea52f7bfa66
0x60806040143440102025-01-05 18:53:1913 days ago1736103199
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xdb40f6458c082f9d4fde36efc9df4a840f29c01e0dddb5808f128e4675b4c2ae
0x60806040143152232025-01-04 1:03:3615 days ago1735952616
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xd938369200a886708829d2a9d36ef561a2ab3201829f8cf2b382fadbf646c62c
0x60806040142276892024-12-29 1:53:0821 days ago1735437188
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x4421d79ed3dafd95c815e7bf092d17745a0e22fc43488683eadc4171d523ca73
0x60806040142116832024-12-28 0:21:4422 days ago1735345304
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x52e2927927d39b6dace07a6440a216f195c8f9a50033d0e065f57113bff1fa7f
0x60806040139209562024-12-15 6:46:5035 days ago1734245210
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x8a1885d589dbec24c10f550f3cb34f510adea4e8567553663f3873c0357aa569
0x60806040138852362024-12-14 0:54:2436 days ago1734137664
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xc29fe9e1458b4af1ed4a74417ec89bd460ed2d997f9056f5e50eb90d0d4c2c6d
0x60806040136049992024-12-07 2:59:3143 days ago1733540371
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x1396f4c2c8f5bac80f14fb9d9d8d35d634cb38104e662a4cf65f92b85b93a218
0x60806040134861552024-12-03 10:18:2447 days ago1733221104
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x0d07087e48afb9e1199604af41325af4f17cd273d94c9d7b0dc93a1d34ca829d
0x219f2fe7131689792024-11-28 5:07:3152 days ago1732770451
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.0115 APE0.000001460.01
0xeb8b5de5962aa0bf8dfcb50170a37a109926f126b4a128d976a175310cd8e373
0x219f2fe7131689522024-11-28 5:07:0052 days ago1732770420
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.0147 APE0.000001460.01
0x4158dbc64248ce8614684bbcbcd81ebd980f46bcb3b7bb8cf567baa04966e4f8
0x219f2fe7131689122024-11-28 5:06:2852 days ago1732770388
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.0185 APE0.000001460.01
0xd0103462d78011915ec09a4f1270c1eec107ea30328e91b2aa3d196aa92c6af2
0x219f2fe7131688852024-11-28 5:05:5652 days ago1732770356
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.015 APE0.000001460.01
0x8fc1b76388c0728f3b271d2cc89623c459e01c0cb1e071e30e199fe584b986aa
0x219f2fe7131688642024-11-28 5:05:2452 days ago1732770324
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.0168 APE0.000001460.01
0x268fa773cf6bc03cc39bd340e514409dfe6f47e43fd0cace3e9b3dac9106ec94
0x219f2fe7131688372024-11-28 5:04:5252 days ago1732770292
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.0181 APE0.000001460.01
0xd360dc4c4d69efa776869d472d16aa30c0952d2eebdafa7e1d9a33aaa1966906
0x219f2fe7131688142024-11-28 5:04:2152 days ago1732770261
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.0172 APE0.000001460.01
0xf1213ebb3b846b60b1d678ed1ef8c3fd4f748bdca3e4c9e9750f078553a5b9e6
0x219f2fe7131687922024-11-28 5:03:4952 days ago1732770229
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.0147 APE0.000001460.01
0x61912a5881fe01311666ded0fec4585d1c9e016ff4e4764b8beac0c86ef50006
0x219f2fe7131687712024-11-28 5:03:1852 days ago1732770198
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.0184 APE0.000001460.01
0x2e604859f30a4a62abcca0d2b2cb6912273d77b9c056522cbc020cf64de29124
0x60806040131111022024-11-27 3:34:0153 days ago1732678441
0xA59a1897...448F67433
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000001230.01
View all transactions

Latest 25 internal transactions (View All)

Parent Transaction Hash Block From To
0x0c9f20508fb38ac1054bf553d583dd6eeb19e0b8d61d5e650fdaff00f7c49618
120857282024-11-15 7:17:1365 days ago1731655033
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0153 APE
0xf08e783c2e553913d5bc4e2d8bd8ccaf4b12a0fbc6cf5975915cc71000c4f675
120856832024-11-15 7:16:3765 days ago1731654997
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0111 APE
0x0684ab1bb49bca0142761d0143e5bac840115004d1709fecd6c089a39d2d09d8
120856442024-11-15 7:16:0165 days ago1731654961
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0156 APE
0xb5a722735b5756b9fe5280ca7a7577b43faa17a7599d678af60208063dc7d8f0
119169102024-11-13 11:58:0966 days ago1731499089
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0151 APE
0xe149d3701437ee7bda45bfd81bbec48bd0881975c488930d7f1b48af035a1a80
119168742024-11-13 11:57:3366 days ago1731499053
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0165 APE
0x3023b56e08bbc0f03ce3ed8c12a9e81449a44a6be5e1435d95724f88ce30264c
119168282024-11-13 11:56:5766 days ago1731499017
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0138 APE
0xfe374b3436e1ab222d645fb957e58b2aab0508bc2dd18b0c3157213f35da4342
119167822024-11-13 11:56:2166 days ago1731498981
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0185 APE
0xca0ca38e0326b52a845aa62a7bcc0247057d94c40a1f5cdcde967e46f2b813ef
119167272024-11-13 11:55:4566 days ago1731498945
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0148 APE
0xdc8256a14f6a424b93fa848064b8bfd1f9d60dc251cffaf115b36165b4f1fb06
103555932024-10-19 12:12:3791 days ago1729339957
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0155 APE
0x5dc92d5e15a4d9e65f85199829e18ecfd1a2f9d950c6789a63b3fde5f3b86673
103555702024-10-19 12:12:0291 days ago1729339922
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0145 APE
0xd1d5eee56c2126a3ecd5ac57c0a8c5e5df62ece3a469edf92806c85cfabf775f
103555452024-10-19 12:11:2691 days ago1729339886
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0166 APE
0x0e382143143d583d624b94d4fe45c36c15aa98c850f384c3969a32e00ef0d296
103555172024-10-19 12:10:5191 days ago1729339851
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.015 APE
0x28ce15c6a6e6b3779eb3fbb4f28141354c1f77d6b80454d2d3fcb836e58d20da
103554922024-10-19 12:10:1491 days ago1729339814
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0134 APE
0xe8be21fc105e19b116bfd8be8b710b3aa95bc2fa544af2b4c4e0e2f04e5d7e60
97699832024-10-10 9:15:45101 days ago1728551745
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0139 APE
0x4d9766495bd764ce9a13b9a2efefb337ff5a8d4a4dab4dfa1bc91654d8cfe8ba
97699452024-10-10 9:15:09101 days ago1728551709
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0135 APE
0xf1bff4634833add67521bba98d796b0ccd40a00af39670595db410c3b6aa6016
97699042024-10-10 9:14:33101 days ago1728551673
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0154 APE
0x1f717567c770919d1455aae4770a281d72eac95af3f1ad695c57aa48a7ef7e1e
97698632024-10-10 9:13:57101 days ago1728551637
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0184 APE
0x1ec519777681512577a859e8b9ae07523557d6b4b2621e25db42adf3efa4fdd5
97698232024-10-10 9:13:21101 days ago1728551601
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0168 APE
0x9c2153fe1e97ce3ee504eacba42d11254154d6319b0b8104edd036793a99a787
97697812024-10-10 9:12:45101 days ago1728551565
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0178 APE
0xb64f9176f33835ea79b80d88d9670fb4fd066c96f6bf8a97a1a33518e5010080
93819002024-10-04 5:47:55107 days ago1728020875
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.012 APE
0xf3a301b915aaa2c4a922946d093ceac3e8a237b2bdbec1ef82f956378b8160b2
93818752024-10-04 5:47:19107 days ago1728020839
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0179 APE
0x4c0b0e356844d6ecc7992624d5f08f5c0e4388d49553b72a4e2fc8f9f698b4e0
93818482024-10-04 5:46:42107 days ago1728020802
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0186 APE
0xc89715ea994ad2808bd849a341cb3bd06a25744bdf44d49e8b877993a3fb6f7d
93818262024-10-04 5:46:06107 days ago1728020766
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0198 APE
0x2d7e2a46d0d479340a320d92f3b9c1d8f63de2aa033fc2198647b9a2fea98a59
93818002024-10-04 5:45:30107 days ago1728020730
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0146 APE
0x6b256548c887fee7e7f5b67b4b10df55738e10e2fbd98a666e3416f78a791162
93817762024-10-04 5:44:53107 days ago1728020693
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0xA59a1897...448F67433
0.0115 APE
View All Internal Transactions

Latest 14 Deposits

L2 Txn Hash L1 Deposit Txn Value Token
0x9a790669415737d1455431f8595f710b0eac17e1ce0a99b8613483f44f1d994c2024-10-12 10:32:1099 days ago1728729130
0x8eecb92f9bae81ad8fd225636004be6fedee23444eb69361ac623978422652c3
0.0164 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xfb34474a0fa5e64ee133894e4f68ffcd2d7a3ab7b7c172244fe6db7e742954b92024-10-12 10:30:5399 days ago1728729053
0x7051f1d346ae2b79625e0e26f13bb78d0b277a79a093d17774947bc14f9bd1cf
0.0129 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x5648c85b96705a045873181aa52090b77af7ef435df73ff3cbc56bbd9fa28bc62024-10-12 10:29:3799 days ago1728728977
0x1de9117ead5fbc29290ce4d1d505f438086a5da542bc2c0b00ea6c234fbb1011
0.015 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x01a94eae84a6c00375c4517b9e593ca9867c48be4f3ba970372ed450ae7d89eb2024-10-12 10:28:2199 days ago1728728901
0x3c95939fa12147296b02cfef73d9ee560159b04ac42679f61624469503a44b7c
0.016 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x0989782b79f028ccae9045645551fb5cd4360187123f3de17de6b9cf58551efb2024-10-12 10:27:0499 days ago1728728824
0xc95db282c9d3f4e60dce5a6f1491e1e68ae5e415c1c976056e32b244cc77ac45
0.01 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x4e915d9bfe34f960f2a97b0ed58cec19c2a1fc84f09aa868c0538dc93ea68a662024-09-27 13:16:55113 days ago1727443015
0x2e3ea206e035db8afb9d30431dac267bf707750471f62e9f6452fe4b21eb1c75
0.0152 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xb15c7454cce1b620bca26226ac9b6cb7016e9d344b6fb04638401843152cb4c62024-09-27 13:15:38113 days ago1727442938
0x799afe8bb560e3be983a846c72d8de1a327bab58b567d62c565628270c83aa8d
0.0105 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xf381f619e035196e19f5ad5328899d19a83cfd832dcc1adcfc836a57316521132024-09-27 13:14:20113 days ago1727442860
0x5379f0432e9813cf4d0cc511c016fc4e4f517b8ad79d845bddec902b0849d5fb
0.0149 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x31af5c4bf4c0048bed5f9dcfe88a89b03a11684b076bfb36fb324dcd65bf151d2024-09-27 13:13:03113 days ago1727442783
0xcfcdbc4acbd42b850d55bae46304452962ac5f0e2416c1f7f9f7f7f7065f0d9d
0.0129 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x93a317d3cbaf5e7316d58ae17198edc6929080937b9f531185129b9fdf7722df2024-09-25 12:16:06115 days ago1727266566
0x290598f8ab83a48218aeed4bedee8bc235d363f63c51430bf7a726d00e8a0c16
0.0167 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x22dbcf146597fe7167120876ffa0ac3e57a1f4e89c0d82959eb4bb16723fc22d2024-09-25 12:14:48115 days ago1727266488
0xadce48f9021262316b537edc70f957724b36c0e2682f8b548055aa803c6ec918
0.0152 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x5d609d1721b9f724b3623775e79788ea01f84e675d8ce902cfc69f4b3ade5cc52024-09-25 12:13:31115 days ago1727266411
0x92f8e73e1df7d72d2cab1419c9e24739079df804417624d8da167cc5e1713ed9
0.0175 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xeec6d083baad18e21dbeb71ca4a0580183aca4ce22ddde648bb39a0a591f01162024-09-25 12:12:14115 days ago1727266334
0x2f5461b547c55dd208485827565df83a84184565101ac62c6a5dcf592bfa5558
0.0162 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x94861bf726f8f7d6b746623ace170cea0428a2fd6e3770fb37e24412c05ed28b2024-09-19 9:33:32122 days ago1726738412
0x20074e7d78dc29f6748ada1a2f662ed545cf3df78b04d4b54fb61cf234acba0c
0.019 Sepolia APE (sAPE)

Latest 25 Withdrawals

L2 Txn Hash Value Token Status L1 Withdrawal Txn
0x1434cb544a4845029f41b4f87a66f653e99571997538b7d8555d42836ccb62ba2024-08-20 9:12:07152 days ago17241451270.0137 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xcb20870c46ed6be07a1315a19075127cb5f987bdc25cc09ec492e7964dcde3ab2024-08-20 9:11:32152 days ago17241450920.0182 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x998064129ae219f61e41e7309dd8580b91419785c0df17a206fdd7de7510612b2024-08-20 9:10:58152 days ago17241450580.0126 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x7a0a1fb048be1ec271a5fb0c68238c832bfcbf9337537e945ef09602e95eebd92024-08-20 9:10:23152 days ago17241450230.0149 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xe53603debafd921794cee0a65b384389894274054b400c97e5c2573830144bbd2024-08-20 9:09:49152 days ago17241449890.0199 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x8dc09533f8fad57fdb946e448592c2daff3d1dbe99a8d2dc9f41a1010a936af12024-08-20 9:09:15152 days ago17241449550.0176 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x9f10a4c42c5a9060dcb321426c775c8099dde77783dd062e631081c8cc8708812024-08-19 17:47:00152 days ago17240896200.0182 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x9c41c47cbe3aa8e8abd2f9507e4863ca34c106aa193797b5da1001612585f3b92024-08-19 17:46:26152 days ago17240895860.0139 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x2ab54bfef77fa26c724d3baa20055cabc097fc76339491e529f4268c13f383582024-08-19 17:45:52152 days ago17240895520.0121 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xca4f3267cea89829844470115e34b8e88d6f82007e031dc0fb85aa50852a1a1e2024-08-19 17:45:17152 days ago17240895170.0128 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x01e8c93740d923b31fafda2776688901717679555c7d92cf15a2bd91dba8efbd2024-08-19 17:44:43152 days ago17240894830.0132 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x4b1e137733e6fb46eb960fbcece236765fe1185f08a5c173c1c7bb08cd9c69912024-08-19 17:44:09152 days ago17240894490.0116 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x19b591ccfab301b0b887c810babb63a173ce72d9efe9bdaf057a13be476822802024-08-19 0:38:37153 days ago17240279170.0169 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x7b9d05dd59bfa9b10ca0e63467360b07b687c9441cd8f97fb44b17d25182cd7b2024-08-19 0:38:03153 days ago17240278830.0111 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x2787522f74f95519a9b5511aab59dd44fc95a86afdaefe509ddbb9a482d0cb022024-08-19 0:37:29153 days ago17240278490.0164 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x18106778004d9dd6ce4955acb0cfd0dcd5d5168086021e83c081c04e5520bf372024-08-19 0:36:55153 days ago17240278150.0126 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x89c9aae37870f3e65f756998d488cde3809d7c99c3408859af85447ab963ac2f2024-08-19 0:36:21153 days ago17240277810.0169 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x03999097755709ec97ba473faa94d664b57c1e5c28bfee118acdcf1c3f3ef8eb2024-08-18 1:52:13154 days ago17239459330.0186 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x10ca611ae3f7a7eac390ef6f05102417ce87abac640f21095c44d6bd667d428b2024-08-18 1:51:39154 days ago17239458990.0169 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x1b142fe55d830f98b090206ed942e91afd72a93c8b86e48063f9a7d551cfdf5b2024-08-18 1:51:05154 days ago17239458650.0103 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xd567dc8028e3ade79803bd6292d4539f81f50d81a60816ddace29c68a2f634702024-08-18 1:50:31154 days ago17239458310.0192 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x3add6e2ae38fd0abb796948db45aa742a1541c45d09e16568e6d2b7ea86c20d12024-08-18 1:49:57154 days ago17239457970.0135 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x6f8500fd2ec674ebdda641ee270c03244623197b57a300bd7419697eb4f6ce4e2024-08-18 1:49:23154 days ago17239457630.0146 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x1331e5c89f9a80fa2befc380498c984a81c0329bade80a5df29e52b25639f4502024-08-14 22:10:14157 days ago17236734140.0117 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xda64e23548a3145bb1e5b6c85960ce71af4bd7b5eca79d261cf1c9e23401a9382024-08-14 22:09:40157 days ago17236733800.0195 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
View All Withdrawals
Loading

Contract Name:
0 APE
Compiler Version
0
Optimization Enabled:
0 APE
Other Settings:
-NA-

Block Transaction Difficulty Gas Used Reward
View All Blocks Produced

Block Uncle Number Difficulty Gas Used Reward
View All Uncles
Loading
Loading

Validator Index Block Amount
View All Withdrawals

Transaction Hash Block Value Eth2 PubKey Valid
View All Deposits
[ Download: CSV Export  ]
[ Download: CSV Export  ]
[ Download: CSV Export  ]
[ Download: CSV Export  ]

A wallet address is a publicly available address that allows its owner to receive funds from another party. To access the funds in an address, you must have its private key. Learn more about addresses in our Knowledge Base.