Ape Curtis Testnet

Address

0x241f30E1706b9920845ABe341015662733AA3d89

Overview

APE Balance

Ape Curtis LogoApe Curtis LogoApe Curtis Logo3.658751932260931122 APE

Token Holdings

More Info

Transactions Sent

Latest: 3 days ago First: 201 days ago

Multichain Info

No addresses found

 Latest 25 from a total of 298 transactions

Transaction Hash
Method
Block
From
To
0x6c3c9b9fbc042c2550a583e085dd18bc5cba6c56c1c93c95a0475356fb9702ff
0x60806040158709642025-02-14 12:50:093 days ago1739537409
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x8f517eac37599087f8b4f0fa576f09a415b6aa3ae3e31dc3388d1d796fff1976
0x60806040157849972025-02-13 7:53:174 days ago1739433197
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x05abbb596b8c647de3d92d0adfcfc66e7b3eb208600cd266ff50ed492de88335
0x60806040156178832025-02-11 11:24:266 days ago1739273066
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x0ef6bddf017ed3274ce6f122dfe4253396c20e3e60819bcab9d130ae5694e53a
0x60806040150054682025-01-24 20:03:5823 days ago1737749038
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x47685c57c62a42ca96369c21403fba66bb37fc9c0c679b629132ee10c11f4026
0x60806040149806402025-01-24 9:57:0724 days ago1737712627
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x47ba7d58db2d6563e31ffddee0ceafd692ada6f5cfb1090ff3badaafc4ccef6c
0x60806040149439692025-01-23 11:43:4325 days ago1737632623
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x9c71320ba0e026273c799124124ce3d825bcf6322e0b14269029bda1ce317702
0x60806040149079252025-01-22 10:21:5326 days ago1737541313
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x4cade942aa0cbfd850f4cde210405d23d8b2d192c01149d20c40c38a531190c6
0x60806040148981702025-01-22 5:43:4126 days ago1737524621
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x610393d5015e48624e6f6f22ecf845cbea641568e4cf65c9a6e5864a8ec49025
0x60806040147955092025-01-20 12:56:1128 days ago1737377771
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x38098425705ac3c327e12b66b2fa9461bf38a9542805fd8544e080d7ce86989a
0x60806040145509412025-01-12 20:26:2935 days ago1736713589
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xa7e63d18fd457bdc979990cfaa9bae07d85c6f2b7013903a5d4860e29629db11
0x60806040143085412025-01-03 12:21:0145 days ago1735906861
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x6a0bba19853be38a4ead391298a7d396c01e29955848aa30b13b1dcb3dddf435
0x60806040143013622025-01-02 23:52:5045 days ago1735861970
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x00c91445ebeda2d7515d10145a5cb889695dcf931e2ba998fd0074fe48b4e6c6
0x60806040142868792025-01-01 19:27:0446 days ago1735759624
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xf8053804a691116b63f7b9153e2c9f27c7778bf89bcdb20377a2069f1c65942c
0x60806040142660212024-12-31 5:32:1248 days ago1735623132
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x360c26f1194c96a677c06133e124bc91fbe233e0b1126dd221f3c020d1eda72a
0x60806040142636092024-12-31 2:19:3948 days ago1735611579
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x93b5128f6b3ff18cd508216268badba363a7107107a99b8b1b6c5756d88ac9ae
0x60806040142322282024-12-29 8:23:1550 days ago1735460595
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x15a3961f893fc2f5100b9883c648bb6dab1505c592ec772ff0a56297654b7478
0x60806040141973672024-12-27 3:03:2652 days ago1735268606
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x5c3914f73316b8c1d9e451bdfafa8fcf465d1a5dfb92575d6542ff2873a29337
0x60806040141769442024-12-25 18:41:1053 days ago1735152070
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x03e44b506a4c586582258429732cb711a02762744c569e6f0ab1a32eaa9077d8
0x60806040141133042024-12-21 23:54:0457 days ago1734825244
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x17ee696e9793eb050646f2887c3faa081250743d2be226a11f00ec07d4d53648
0x60806040139337282024-12-15 16:02:2964 days ago1734278549
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xbe1331df737eb37bbe395aafd34a882c974fe70cd6d1de6ba4c90d7241953db5
0x60806040136595852024-12-08 20:37:0070 days ago1733690220
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x27f53faf7c9e08cd25288635df7245864454bc669b11ebefed8a76558b79552d
0x60806040136087352024-12-07 6:14:5772 days ago1733552097
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0x78ea0e12ba473677eae911d22275ac522c5e5bf5f6aa3b4cee6a52059ca0f0cc
0x60806040135217792024-12-04 14:18:4475 days ago1733321924
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
 Contract Creation
0 APE0.000003440.01
0xaf4ca627bf79815741051793a7f809ae98172a588bbcc86e504fdda681f95536
0x219f2fe7132652492024-11-29 13:06:5080 days ago1732885610
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.0112 APE0.000001460.01
0xd92015d18ad255d4316bdc038382449b0165f94289eea1d42593846516138983
0x219f2fe7132652212024-11-29 13:06:1980 days ago1732885579
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
OUT
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0.0126 APE0.000001460.01
View all transactions

Latest 25 internal transactions (View All)

Parent Transaction Hash Block From To
0x947aba7dc9c83bfb4f548ae8c7c4c1e25410b0f0bb0cbd985a581c3d01b0c9ea
120939542024-11-15 9:05:4194 days ago1731661541
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0104 APE
0x88cba30c35503d7d7052be60e9149b5fcf67efa00408deea35f5d119bcf544bf
120573592024-11-15 0:55:0594 days ago1731632105
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0187 APE
0x8ad15051639dbd830ed354915c911d82eef25623a0dd8db60dbf4ce201c9b7c7
119812092024-11-14 2:08:4395 days ago1731550123
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0102 APE
0xf900a5bf9dd92531f7e59a4966f396f13da17e83540bef906b4b0d5cf1d44fc3
119811822024-11-14 2:08:0795 days ago1731550087
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0134 APE
0x9a69ebd17efbe1dcf2c0fdb69d9440fa86df5b549de5b590fdb89dd758b1d3fb
119811612024-11-14 2:07:3195 days ago1731550051
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0148 APE
0x1dbd29b9afa042affa1396a3affda83d58da5328ee17a4961f0415a195ac08d8
119811402024-11-14 2:06:5595 days ago1731550015
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0148 APE
0x88f06111ed3ebc0fef257da61946e9813119bbedf2db1bb98db75fe7bfc43880
119811132024-11-14 2:06:2095 days ago1731549980
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0134 APE
0x5189eef7d75d713078a894a88acd10b1ee45ac86477e5fe3c9de70ac0855b3c0
119810862024-11-14 2:05:4595 days ago1731549945
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.015 APE
0x25f76b890512d7fac62ca1065b3c97f14374c638077d7bcbf06efc4f804fd3a7
119810592024-11-14 2:05:0995 days ago1731549909
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0175 APE
0x4ac8410f3fa345b3d844f6c444e28e02273f581eef84da053f9a529b41eabf66
119810352024-11-14 2:04:3395 days ago1731549873
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0108 APE
0xb829db0497e4cdd9967f4f03cede5b71afd200cc3b9943538e6f63a287f3b018
118246402024-11-12 12:53:2397 days ago1731416003
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0155 APE
0x29cf9ee44e7e3d89a6c76a8bd33e233dc94e5f60f2524112fa0afa6d375633fb
95160962024-10-06 7:58:04134 days ago1728201484
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0148 APE
0x7032c29c6680fceef6ffbe7d10265697c6be413ed11787d8e2d9f1416e6ed9c8
95160762024-10-06 7:57:28134 days ago1728201448
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0187 APE
0xbd68dbe5c9e42f2415e4afdc29a1d8878faa74f4bf9528984bcd8af98a39cee9
95160512024-10-06 7:56:52134 days ago1728201412
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.016 APE
0x723fc3e0693381ea15b924e68c24f8b29ebd66333c34a219e9e588b995efd4c9
95160292024-10-06 7:56:16134 days ago1728201376
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.019 APE
0x9b99aff94f623745b0e334d393c2887465ccd8ccb0b9bf5c826088eaf01b38cf
95160062024-10-06 7:55:39134 days ago1728201339
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0184 APE
0x3f7c1f4d3fef909e4ccde36a628af291a140f24755542ce6c9ef007394d40b63
95159842024-10-06 7:55:03134 days ago1728201303
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0153 APE
0x0430c5ce6ec17df3dec6e91af5ecc6810904bb5f96c9cdcf3c2cffe78d9afc58
95159632024-10-06 7:54:27134 days ago1728201267
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0102 APE
0xfc934e4a4e3c9c78781218b4e11da7ae8943dff0b3163513b52b0273fa3f105f
95159422024-10-06 7:53:50134 days ago1728201230
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0144 APE
0xc49f742cc418a2e967d56cac32d99104381af075df395523bd6abe8efd7ae7b4
95159232024-10-06 7:53:14134 days ago1728201194
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0182 APE
0x31d22647e37dce655f8658d3b80cb64efa465a7ae46af933005a607c81143da6
94469492024-10-05 5:23:48135 days ago1728105828
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0191 APE
0x749d3da70ff14245d3d47be0958f70f404042193a51a88d429548816be7f1e3f
94469212024-10-05 5:23:12135 days ago1728105792
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0119 APE
0x214134ee198a31c90e7bc367016a035b8a095ccdecdef1a264ea7ed95e859029
94468962024-10-05 5:22:36135 days ago1728105756
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.018 APE
0x63f096b1de623e1179594bbdf310a0898702dad1cd6841aece4555d3be945bbd
94468742024-10-05 5:21:59135 days ago1728105719
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0151 APE
0xf532f2a7400fe7d19c5185d47b6dee70f48671efd5347f8138cae6630127d362
94468522024-10-05 5:21:23135 days ago1728105683
0xb8faCa77...5Ef4a94bc
0x241f30E1...733AA3d89
0.0101 APE
View All Internal Transactions

Latest 14 Deposits

L2 Txn Hash L1 Deposit Txn Value Token
0x172a62b05c493fe8328db7d3b251804686bd2e2bb0b1ee2f2577770adb1f84d92024-10-07 12:31:17133 days ago1728304277
0x66fad8cb683aef8ff7e088aa949fea27c344731ff353cca450a48ef513f75947
0.0134 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x4f4c0502b06d735e5d14b39a61e9803416d391720eb628afbd6edbcf4c55474e2024-10-07 12:30:01133 days ago1728304201
0xa1276574b648245a4d7951d50492f0e0da2f76f96e9bd90dd752a61b26d0c283
0.0162 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x23fe2f08b576508e6213c4d1078c62772ffb7f5dc07da7ad3c03eefde0fd71672024-10-07 12:28:44133 days ago1728304124
0x05c9fefad37fe041d6fff19ca698a401d0aae57ccb7f040939b07f16ae7d3d73
0.0125 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xd7dc3e4f6cf6d578ba5e7f398a878993f1ed38db63140ac3a9a3cd141a4e420d2024-10-07 12:27:28133 days ago1728304048
0xa4755aac48e6a7949a0a7a6ee04a0267a05ee72bf81d70f1b23d6150f5237a4f
0.0107 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x2c4de9b681addcfa76afd570ad80485d1d8ac60489fdf6ff4bfff4f987571b2e2024-10-07 12:26:11133 days ago1728303971
0xb73dbd350a9a99be6cea109b0322d9cb5dfa8bff53b91b5a2bd3bb162c954fa5
0.0107 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x81469b712c941558fd3c09d4e2cebb4450adb85e59c1f3b25db771f24ca6a3ac2024-09-27 17:35:56143 days ago1727458556
0xf413bdad682ab9aca1a5f6ef8cb27082569b3428011900a7d64728e95f1946a6
0.0198 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x7170cc8c1806b0405147fa56c956263e14bb50cd95ad4c0e79299b1b4148061a2024-09-27 17:33:20143 days ago1727458400
0x2be50a87f394ae4dcef8d3b91dfca2945e83423016cdd4af9713d24a24d1ef3f
0.0117 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x9260d2ff4d9918d3ad575b1a837b206f11049d0ee5dad8b8de5a6d4a380d27f12024-09-27 17:32:03143 days ago1727458323
0xafb3d27877982d54f79d2cc8614242b2199236a632795c885543e01a846138d8
0.0152 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xb05e4b1891c3baa1735d316ff632153e05de9e34eda48640b8b0f9b857db8a322024-09-27 17:30:45143 days ago1727458245
0xcaab85ac25e90c46f15d3ba59b7360f6f9f9dc143db00c098918f383b2e75ddd
0.01 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x6f0e3088469eb53abbab62a596e94c4af9da1cb933605feca24f75fbd6ce1cc42024-09-18 19:03:14151 days ago1726686194
0x7e1a71d28e243432eee6fd7b3144f98774dd0820e7008d52a52f62748b5166f8
0.0135 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x783530f3d60c93b813f94fb5a2b2d2c7b65e861e3d4d291611613913cf45a5a22024-09-18 19:01:56151 days ago1726686116
0x2df5945159c5570dc7a0950df2d3c528e62ae9c1b511099d7d2c7eb5015bc861
0.017 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0xb634056acb353480f1e42e6f99861ed3eedb72491625ffb5944cec8c79a193e42024-09-18 19:00:39151 days ago1726686039
0x45fa678bed09ea39bc04eb53279f1437210623f442f07f452fe24f6653aa76bf
0.014 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x629dd57248b58535f8c28d537beef7e7e02f958f8736de856b119d986e85c8cf2024-09-08 18:52:15161 days ago1725821535
0x69adb9489dac2c1cfe47cafd699bdf027fdecf2bad5b2918402e69aa0b5cd1bd
0.0184 Sepolia APE (sAPE)
0x60f46bef8d51c74b61d95e205cf3d5ab7d6951ddc8a000053cf398c092f567762024-09-08 18:50:58161 days ago1725821458
0x62ae2265f5a3376e0825e465945346df368916a5724b0e768a8462da00504572
0.0196 Sepolia APE (sAPE)

Latest 25 Withdrawals

L2 Txn Hash Value Token Status L1 Withdrawal Txn
0x93efcdc04f2ae69253ee9233e53bd1f19d98602721b9e81c9904719ae73af0622024-08-19 20:45:35181 days ago17241003350.0175 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xb36f3d5edcf76d60fba68279347cb1b79a142abecab4496a1d067d5a057f58ba2024-08-19 20:45:01181 days ago17241003010.0173 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xab7fcae75c2901661eb1c39349789986d139fe7e3b3254c2d631844c6a2840452024-08-19 20:44:27181 days ago17241002670.0159 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x03eba00807375af4f057a1107a06584f0e5ab769ca31d2533630d474e40a40502024-08-19 20:43:52181 days ago17241002320.0104 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xfac247bbe2acc13966f8b6fa2f6519b884a9fcdb548181bf2f14e793d98cf3e82024-08-19 20:43:18181 days ago17241001980.0173 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xd905e5e170c71c7cab793668ff4a74ce70138edd44453ba2d063f4bfc6065eff2024-08-19 20:42:43181 days ago17241001630.0122 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xec9eadc569d65d3e8f535a6ae5dca8356ab8f5957cc9e8143c5df297cb0ddb662024-08-17 7:01:31184 days ago17238780910.0112 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x89186e1d5c09fd6d23635275592d2a21657cbec65dddbe6d94ab1da6e62c3efe2024-08-17 7:00:57184 days ago17238780570.0132 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xbe25ca091a698e123fb7210a314e9aca616c62aa242700e24b10f6d6ac2bf5932024-08-17 7:00:23184 days ago17238780230.0144 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xb12d7e04121f6a53eec69e938f71df9176e0ef622e345c1e4f3c152dbf99997d2024-08-17 6:59:49184 days ago17238779890.0112 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xe7eda212e8caf7bf13c54ec19f8b47e2fe4e7be65d43a3c7a477a76f9aa0e8252024-08-17 6:59:14184 days ago17238779540.0139 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xaabf92f77d02f83d84b08eaf3b79dea08eca7ecd2fdf40f44a8143b719c2aaf22024-08-17 6:58:41184 days ago17238779210.0134 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x71c31f212b0a6fe122eb5acecd6b4155e1ab024b768f5d599f48438e315811212024-08-12 5:29:05189 days ago17234405450.015 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xf2a0e0399d073505f0f46ab109c7f45b0a4807db20fd13e4220b9bed24f5ce192024-08-12 5:28:30189 days ago17234405100.0189 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x6f4ee4876689988b247186edf9f8e18111090a9a8c5c779c47e27f7bddad7b9f2024-08-12 5:27:56189 days ago17234404760.0189 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xb20bf2490977c8f502f45793533959cf0c1bf5e46d022417e16d7935ac47952e2024-08-12 5:27:23189 days ago17234404430.0101 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x5ac6993fd6664b5ceaa67b355799a832a080e05f5db4acfaf92ee4a399c9e5ee2024-08-12 5:26:49189 days ago17234404090.0118 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0xf89c8cf208f0b3dc2916f74ef3af291ce928395db8f66fc1eb54be80276b8f712024-08-12 5:26:15189 days ago17234403750.0122 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x2fa304ef6af88e222f4cd6ed9ca88d3956cfdf0259cb9b47b58aee7b80e6533c2024-08-12 3:58:11189 days ago17234350910.013 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x38f031d48ff00655b201adf67b57b1a07fb4e95f99b82b32b3c25daeb805c50c2024-08-12 3:57:37189 days ago17234350570.0112 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x505b33ee3bf8a1ec4f675392eb4357b057eb5b466f038ac90f044b34687e452d2024-08-12 3:57:03189 days ago17234350230.0176 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x194a9f1fa54dc03e48e1416f2989374af9044cb491e23224d60b41992ee318d22024-08-12 3:56:28189 days ago17234349880.0129 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x6ac6f4d7025338282f2af7bcba99b9bf9b885207d5990a2cc27f61ee662549e02024-08-12 3:55:54189 days ago17234349540.0194 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x31551acf9b15274c4ae7ab089a14b77c012e1efd47d095aea457fbd3b54c2e642024-08-12 3:55:20189 days ago17234349200.0139 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
0x38c0e4d749e5a3cf148488298baa9ecad43f1527f8502dc103bddd4ea44067082024-08-12 3:54:46189 days ago17234348860.017 Sepolia APE (sAPE)Waitingn/a
View All Withdrawals
Loading

Contract Name:
0 APE
Compiler Version
0
Optimization Enabled:
0 APE
Other Settings:
-NA-

Block Transaction Difficulty Gas Used Reward
View All Blocks Produced

Block Uncle Number Difficulty Gas Used Reward
View All Uncles
Loading
Loading

Validator Index Block Amount
View All Withdrawals

Transaction Hash Block Value Eth2 PubKey Valid
View All Deposits
[ Download: CSV Export  ]
[ Download: CSV Export  ]
[ Download: CSV Export  ]
[ Download: CSV Export  ]

A wallet address is a publicly available address that allows its owner to receive funds from another party. To access the funds in an address, you must have its private key. Learn more about addresses in our Knowledge Base.